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Thursday, February 28, 2019

China Lost Girls

chinas Lost Girls China is largest existence in the world because of that Chinese government decided a insurance which is one-child policy. A family has only one child, but some event a family can perplex second child if they pay to government. unmatched of big add in China is balance of gender which means slices population is much larger than females. Chinese people want to overhear a boy because a man carries the family name in Chinese culture therefore, thousands of Chinese girls argon aborted, hidden, abandoned, or even killed. Some of these girls be adapted to American family, but adaption takes more than a year.Many American families are waiting for adopted child. After they moderate adoption, they can receive adopted childs picture however, they fork out to wait about one year to meet the child and cannot love anything about their adopted child until they meet them. In addition, the American families gainful few thousands dollar for adoption, and the money goes to Chinese government. On the separate hand, other girls stay their entire childhood in institution of child public assistance or their parents or relative sold them. Many Chinese girls are sold to somewhere and their life is horrible.For example, a girl was beaten up and broke her leg and arm so that some organization hold these female, or other organization campaign for sexual equality. In conclusion, this issue is bigger and bigger in China therefore, few years subsequent many men cannot marry because of imbalance of gender problem. And also, most families have only one child in their family so that many kids are sorry in China. I knew about chinas one child policy but I did not know boys are so most-valuable than girls even girls are aborted, hidden, abandoned, or even killed. I was so surprised.I am happy for those girls who were adapted to American family however, still many other girls have tough life. I think that this is very difficult issue because population of Chin a is huge however, government has to think about different delegacy to reduce population. Otherwise, girls are kidnap more often because women have to birth a birth, but if women are not enough population, a family cannot come on to have descendant. In addition, there are a lot of spoiled children because of one child policy in China so that it superpower makes unhealthy or violence country in future.

Finding the Right Apartment Essay

So you argon tapey to take a leap of faith and branch away on your suffer, into the world and embrace your new found freedom by renting an apartment. That is fantastic, but first you may pack help with choosing the apartment that best suits you, your lifestyle and most importantly, your budget. This is all a fairly voiced project to accomplish if you know what you atomic number 18 doing, but it can in any case be very time consuming and stressful if you do not know what you are doing while also juggling a teeming time job. First, you lease to locate a few different apartments to be able to choose the one you love.Start by doing some style on the internet. Also, wonder about your community if you plan on staying in the current area you are in now. Make for certain to read the local newspapers as well. If you become children, research apartment communities closet to their school. If you have pets, find apartments that will accommodate them. Research the area to see if you are near a bus line, a taxi service or within close proximity to your family and friends, should you ever need a model to and from work due to car troubles. After that, try your best to finalize your list down to three or four apartments.Next, meet with the leasing agents for apiece of the apartments you requisite to view. Make sure you take a good look around and see everything they have to commotion. carry what type of amenities the analyzable has to offer. For example, do they have a gated entrance, 24 hour gym, a pool, a spa or sauna, playground area, garages for rent and/or laundry sweep up work on site? When inside the actual apartment, check to figure out sure how many bedrooms will be beneficial to you. Make sure there is enough closet and cabinet space for all of your belongings.Ask any and all questions. Be sure to strike about cast down services if you notice an alarm system built in. Ask if everything is brag or electric powered and if it has central he ating and air. Ask what public utility company companies they use. You may be able to transfer over your previous services if they use the same ones. If you do not like the current intensity of the walls, ask if you can paint over them, as long as you paint them back or prime them upon print out. Also, decide if you want a bottom or top floor and ask if your discernment is available.Of course, problems and hurdles may arise, but with honesty and careful consideration of the sign problem, you can overcome the problems. Some problems that may arise are with child(p) information on your background check that will stall the lease process. Be honest with them and they may be willing to work with you nether the circumstances. Another hurdle could be unexpected problems with your finances. In this case, you will need to sit down. Go over your finances and make cuts on what you do not need and factor in what you do need. Play around with the numbers until you have comfortably figured out your living expenses.You may end up being one of the lucky ones and have a smooth sailing through the entire rental process, but if you do not, take it one step at a time until you have overcome any and all obstacles. Once you have decided upon the dependable apartment complex for you, you will need to sign a lease. forward your sign the lease and pay all your deposit and application fees, ask if your deposit is refundable. Also ask if they give application fee discounts if you are a college student. Decide the lease length you need and ask if they offer month to month, a 3 month, 6 month, 12 month or 18 month lease.Ask if the lease is a done locked plug or if you can break the lease say you should have to move away. Remember that no question is a wrong question, so ask anything that comes to mind. After you sign that lease, congratulations, you are now an adult with your very own place. Living on your own can be difficult at times but it is very rewarding and empowering and it helps to boost your confidence and self-importance esteem. Knowing you have truly stepped into your own skin and into true matureness is one of the greatest satisfactions you may experience in your young life. sample it, savor it and enjoy it. You deserve it

Wednesday, February 27, 2019

Luxury goods in China Essay

Life is getting harder for purveyors of luxuriousness in china, just now the growth prospects ar unflurried fabulous Jun 8th 2013 SHANGHAI From the grade edition IT WAS AN AMAZING GOLDEN AGE, REFLECTS GUILLAUME BROCHARD OF QEELIN, A CHINESE jeweller. From 2007 to 2011 many luxuriousness-goods firms enjoyed double-digit one-year growth in china, which became their most historic market. The first blows came last year, with an economical slowdown and jitters astir(predicate) the political transition. Now, a crackdown on round-shoulde florid gift-giving and a populist backlash against ostentation befuddle added to the woes.The outlook for opulence-goods firms appears to have dimmed. Internet users have posted incriminating pictures, for example of poorly pay bureaucrats wearing suspiciously pricey watches, which have caused heads to roll. Mobs have in any case break off banquets deemed to be too unsparing, on occasions forcing officials to their knees to beg for forgi veness. This has traumatised some purveyors of obvious consumption. Beijing Xiangeqing, an upmarket catering outfit that is usually highly profitable, plunged into the red last quarter. Sales of shark fin, the key ingredient of a dope served at fancy dinners, ar down by around 70% year-on-year.Imports of bottles of Bordeaux costing more than $800 have collapsed. exclusively look beyond the lavish public banquets and a more complicated picture emerges AND NOT undecomposed BECAUSE DEVIOUS OFFICIALS ARE NOW THROWING THEIR EXTRAVAGANT PARTIES IN private. It is true that some highlife-goods firms are grappling with slowing demand in chinaware imports of Swiss watches, for example, fell 24% year-on-year in the first quarter of 2013. But Andrew Keith of lane Crawford, a high-end department store that first opened in Hong Kong in 1850, reports no slowdown at his stores there or in Beijing. Burberry, a British fashion brand, enjoyed sales growth in mainland China of about 20% in th e year to March.Sales of private jets in China are still soaring. So what is really going on? It seems that China remains the biggest prize in the sumptuosity industry, simply the low-hanging fruit is gone. lavishness firms must now venture beyond the coastal cities where they have win easy fortunes, cultivate refreshful types of customers and market niches, and experiment with new parentage models. It will be worth the effort. Despite the recent troubles, Bruno Lannes of Bain & Company, a consultancy, insists that Chinese have become, and will remain for a long time, the most important luxury consumers. His firm estimates that luxury sales in greater China (which includes Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau) will grow by 6-8% this year, ? 2 ? ? 3 ? to exceed $35 billion, making it a luxury market second only to America. But even that does not tell the full story. Chinas complete are travelling more and farther, and do lots of luxury obtain on their travels, especially in Europe, wh ose weak currencies encourage Chinese visitors to spill out.Measured by the nationality of the buyer, China is now the worlds biggest luxury market, and increase fast (see chart). Last year mainland Chinese took 83m foreign trips, up 18. 4% on 2011. Global Blue, a big tax-free-shopping firm, says its refunds to Chinese shoppers pinch up by 58% last year to more than 24 billion yuan ($3. 9 billion).To make the most of this trend, firms need to rejig their shops worldwide. They need Mandarin-speaking assistants, VIP rooms big enough to accommodate jumbo tour parties and payment systems that can handle Chinese credit cards. Philippe Leopold- Metzger, who runs Piaget, a Swiss watch and jewellery brand, says he regards the firms outlets in China itself more as showcases than profit-earners half of his world(a) business comes from mainlanders, but they mostly buy while on foreign trips.That said, there are still plenty of opportunities to expand sales inside China. Kent Wong, managin g director of cabbage Tai Fook, the worlds largest jeweller, with over 1,700 sales outlets on the mainland, says their subject are continuing to grow. Any weakness is seen chiefly in coastal cities exposed to Chinas struggling exports. In the interior, where locals are not yet used to foreign shopping jaunts, middle-class incomes are still rising. Luxury firms are having to adapt to this fragmentation in the Chinese market. Whereas gimcrack bling still sells to the new money in smaller, interior towns, globetrotters from the coastal cities are returning from their travels as more knowledgeable and demanding shoppers. Armando Branchini of Fondazioni Altagamma, the Italian confederation of luxury brands, says such customers look for more subtle and modern designs. Digitally challenged all over two-thirds of Chinese use the internet to research brands, but most luxury firms have pitiful digital strategies.One study found that luxury websites take four times as long to load in China as elsewhere (because most firms do not grade servers inside Chinas Great Firewall, which slows access to foreign sites) and rarely offer yuan prices or purchasing options. Mobile commerce is growing in China, but few luxury firms websites are optimised for mobile devices. As the tastes of rich Chinese evolve, business models combining local flavour and global savvy are emerging. Qeelin, recently bought by Kering, a French luxury house formerly known as PPR, is one example. Another is Shang Xia, a homeware label inspired by local crafts, launched in 2010 by Hermes, also of France.Under orders ? 3 ? ? 3 ? from the government in Beijing, foreign carmakers and their Chinese joint-venture partners are creating new, local brands BMW will produce cars with the Zhinuo badge, and Mercedes will market new models under the Denza brand. So far, Chinese luxury buyers, especially of cars, have cancelled up their noses at domestic brands. But the hybrid brands may make a motion them to reass ess the Made in China label, says Michel Gutsatz of the China Europe planetary Business School. At a conference the school recently held, He Haiming of CCTV, Chinas dominant national broadcaster, pointed out that Made in Germany and Made in Japan were also once derided, but are now marks of quality.As Europes luxury-goods firms grow from low-volume exclusivity to semi-industrial descalethanks in large part to Chinas vulturine appetite for their waresMr Gutsatz argues that they must think of economics and consider manufacturing in China itself instead of mainly exporting to it. The business of getting wealthy Chinese to open their wallets is bound to go on evolving, but the opportunities for growth make it irresistible. From the print edition Business.

The Day Then It End

The social class that women decided to stand up for their covers was the year that the case Roe vs. wade came about. The power of the name that I chose was a preserver for a newspaper, and is reliable for this aspect. The author could have chosen to write this obligate because he or she felt strongly about the womens rights that were at jeopardy at the time. The article takes place in a town in Texas where a woman was denied the woof of having an abortion. The article consequently continues to give you facts about the dally case, the different opinions of the jury, and the final ruling.The article that I chose was over the case and covered many aspects about the rights of women and their right to choose. The biggest check of this article is the authors choice to use pathos as an explanation as to why the case happened. This is evident throughout the holy article, as it is written over a very touchy subject. any(prenominal) actors line that we determine perennial throu ghout the article be privateness and choice. These relate to pathos because they make you think just what was at jeopardy for not only Roe, further women all across the fall in States.When the sacred scripture privacy is continually used, it evokes the emotion that women were being violated in the means of privacy. This is also used to evoke an emotion that in no way is abortion a right to privacy, which is seen in the portion of the article titled Dissenting intuitive feeling. The word choice is seen multiple time throughout the article and force out evoke two different kinds of emotions as well. On one hand, the word choice is used to really finish off home to you in the way that a persons right to choose what they do with their body was at stake, and on the other hand, you tint the emotion that the fetus right to choose to live was at stake.These are both very sensitive subjects and can evoke emotion no matter the opinion on the issue. Evoking emotion through stating bo th stirred views and opinions has the largest effect on people throughout this article. The next draw that this article has is that of ethos. The entire article from start to finish is filled with ethos raises, since it is a newspaper article about a court ruling. Throughout the article, we can see the ethos approachs at bottom the different court and medical terms.Some of these words and phrases that are repeated throughout the article are the court has ruled (and small variations) and Amendment. These words increase the trustworthiness of the author of the article by making her come along like she was involved with the natural law and understands it to a point. Even though we can tell that the author is just a writer for a newspaper, but we can tell by the use of these words that she is understanding of the court terms in general. These terms also come from actual quotes and speeches from within the Roe vs.Wade case, which is apparent in the sections of the article titled Ma jority Opinion and Dissenting Opinion. The effect that these appeals have on people is that it gives them a better feeling of the authors credentials, knowing that what they are study was written by an author that knows what they are talking about. The final appeal that is apparent throughout the article is that of parole. Although not as frequently used, the appeal of logos is still there. One proper(postnominal) example of a logos appeal is when the article states, -judge federal court ruled that Texas abortion law unconstitutional, and the case was the appealed directly to the U. S. Supreme Court. This is a logos appeal because it applied to the logical side of the article in the way that it make the law maker go back and be more specific about what they were talking about. Finally, we take a look at how the author wrote this article. While the author uses the logos, ethos, and pathos appeals, the author uses a certain word choice, tone, and syntax throughout the article to a lso get their point across.Throughout the article, we see the author using very sophisticated and passe-partout word choice, much(prenominal) as Amendments and Constitutional. These words also influence her tone, making the hang on sound very serious this is how it should be. The article is over abortion which is a very serious topic for women eachwhere. We also get a genuine feeling out of the article because of these factors. Included in word choice is the repetition of certain words and phrases. These phrases open your eyes to what happens to women almost every day, still, even after the Roe vs.Wade case was over. Also, the author used no figurative language at all, which made it seem even more nonrecreational than a speech or anything other than something based stringently on facts and stuck to an objective tone throughout. In conclusion, this article is very professional and appeals to many groups of people through the logos, pathos, and ethos appeals about abortion and the Roe vs. Wade case. Although it had a lot of emotional appeal, it also had a huge professional feel, making it seem like a trustworthy article.

Tuesday, February 26, 2019

Apocalyptic Literature

The immediate thought near of us throw off when hearing the intelligence apocalypse is destruction. From modern doomsday novels to movies like the Viet Nam era Apocalypse Now, we associate the war cry with war and destruction. The word apocalypse actually comes from a Greek word sum to key or to uncover. So, right off the back we have to ad salutary our office of Biblical prophetical lit. In and of itself, it does non refer to disaster and hopelessness. Instead, it refers to an expose of somewhatthing hidden. In this case, it is the final chapter in the story of Jesus Christ and His supremacy over nefariousness and ugliness.In this paper I plan to vagabond some light on the ascertaining apocalyptic literary productions, the characteristics of apocalyptic literary productions, and how a person should interpret biblical apocalyptic literary productions. How to understand apocalyptic literature? Understanding the core of the word apocalypse is key to grasping apocal yptic literature. Apocalyptic, as a term in the common dustup or dictionary definition, convey something that is pen in a warning and operose way. It is scary, awkward, and about boding evil. The dictionary tells us it is presaging great deal of imminent disaster, overstate predictions, or allusions of the last days.However, this is not what it meant in the original Greek or Hebrew or in the time this term was penned. What did it mean? It means discourser of events, and that is what it literally and truly means to us today, too. It excessively means an uncover or unveiling, and Revelation means discourser of the apocalypse. Apocalyptic is not meant to scargon us or keep us away from interpreting Scripture rather, it is meant to assistance us understand paragon, victory, hope, grace, theologys plan, and that He is indeed in control.The only people who should be scared are those who reject and hate Christ. When we leave how this literature operates, it will help us greatl y as it discloses for us the unfolding of historical events past, present, and future, with gods plan and manipulation being the ultimate goal. There for, if we take the time and effort to understand this type of genre, it will make things hiter for us it will expose, not curb what God has for us. We need to realize that all languages use symbols and metaphors including Greek and Hebrew.If we take on a word is literal when it is not, we will make a abuse conclusion that will lead us and others away from the correct memoriseing. Then, if we teach it, we lead others astray from the correct teaching all because of our pride or ignorance of not correctly interpreting Scripture or reading the intelligence for all that it is worth. For example, a par able-bodied should not be treated as floor, nor should poetry (both of which contain many symbols) be treated as frank narrative the same goes for apocalyptic literature.Most of the apocalyptic literature in Daniel and Revelation ca me to the generator as inspired by the sanctum sanctorum looking in visions. These are visions that came to them from God and or an Angel, with imageries that need to be tell into human based words, plainly no words have the queen or substance to contain the meaning. Therefore, a metaphor is used, as it is able to contain far more than information about the secrets of Heaven and fire Times than what a few sentences could. These images are usually explained and seen to the writer and audience, only if not so much to us today (Dan. 12 Rev. 49). What are some of the characteristics of apocalyptic literature? Apocalyptic literature is written in symbolism, poetry, and imageries, as well as in an anile will prophecy style (Matt. 24-25 Mark 13 Luke 21 Rev. 12-4 199 227-19), all intertwined as a cloth to describe literal events but with a twist, using language with symbols that are cataclysmic, words that are exaggerated, and metaphors that may be lost to a twenty- early centur y person. Such imagery is often used for Gods judgments and the end of days.These forms of language are often combinations of narrative and poetry written in in writing(p) imagery and rhythmical phrases that are intended to declare a deeper but not necessarily a hidden meaning that a regular word would not convey. Take our English word, bull. It ordinarily means a male cow, but in mount, it refers to not just a farm animal, but also could mean someone who is aggressive, an upswing in the stock market, someone who is clumsy, or slang for someone who is telling a lie. This simple word can be exaggerated for a utilisation just as Daniel and nearly of Revelation uses language to express a point.Apocalyptic writing is also found in Isaiah, Ezekiel, Zechariah, and Matthew 24. Apocalyptic literature is a combination of narrative and poetry written in vivid imagery and poetic phrases that are intended to exaggerate for a purpose, such as in Daniel and most of Revelation. Apocalyptic writing is a more proper(postnominal) form of prophecy. Apocalyptic writing is a type of literature that warns us of future events, but the full meaning is hidden to us for the time being. Apocalyptic writing is almost a secret, giving us glimpses of what is to come through the use of symbols and imagery.We may not know the meanings now, but time will flush them out. How to interpret apocalyptic literature? We have to be careful how we interpret the Bible. Most of the time, we are to take his word literally it means what it means and says what it says. However, in the genre of apocalyptic literature, the language is clear, such as the word, lamb, which is used often. We know what a lamb is and we know that Christ is described as a lamb, but do we also know that Jesus is the lamb been slain which means that Christ is the abandon?A lamb is the common animal that was slain and sacrificed for the atonement of sin and used for trade. Jesus replaces this lamb as the ultimate sacrifice, the sacrifice for our redemption. When you see the word, lamb, it is most likely referring to sacrifice and our Lord who offers us salvation (John 129 1 Pet. 118-20). In contrast to the image of a lion which means sovereign and judge, the lamb was considered the weakest of all animals, needing constant solicitude and care just to survive. A lamb would die in the wild, whereas the lion would thrive.The image of the lamb was common in apocalyptic literature, also meaning victory and power through, and sometimes over death (Ex. 1212-13 Isaiah 537 John 129 2115 Rev. 1714). You can see that these images and themes have or will have history and significance. When we come to words that seem peculiar to our modern minds, such as senses, the first-century Jews would know that it meant angels. Lampstands meant churches the phrase, wife of the Lamb meant Jerusalem, and the great prostitute was a covert slogan to refer to Nero or any corrupt leader in power.Babylon usually referred to Rome (Rev. 120 171-5, 18 219-10). Babylon the Great mainly referred to Isaiahs mockery of sin and those who follow it as a harlot does. It is a contrast of evil governments in bitter to God and Gods Kingdom, the captivity of the Jews under Babylon and its moral decadence, and the aboriginal Christians under Rome, which was also steeped in immorality. This is also a reference to how people are led captive into sin. It was a metaphor that meant to sin and overtake into seduction, meaning what lures us away from faith and what replaces faith.The application of this phrase is that seduction becomes corruption this can range from pagan worship and atheism to quest what is fruitless and meaningless while ignoring our Lord. This is not necessarily referring to one specific person or entity or political system, but pointing the faithful to what is evil in general. Nor, does this mean that Babylon will be rebuilt or restored in some way. This theme is about enmity to God and peoples compani onship in it which is in direct contrast to what Christ offers and isPure and Holy (Is. 19 Jer. 517-8 Dan. 235, 430 44 Rev. 131-18 1619 171-5 183 182, 10, 21, also 4 Ezra). Another apocalyptic word is star. A star in ancient cultures was a popular expression for divinities or angels context is the key. Is it talking about messengers, things to come, or stellar events such as astrology? If it is a message being delivered, it could refer to a mighty angel, or refer to a cosmic disturbance, an Angel or servant, or an actor of God (Rev. 810 91-11 201).Context and sensible are the keys. These images are metaphoric, or symbols of specific themes in judgment. The obvious is that the actuality of this rush is pointing to Gods power, but these events are not necessarily verbatim, as it would be seemingly impossible. How could one star, much less billions upon billions land on this plant that is a billion times a billion little? The answer is, it is figurative, and it is a mystery how th is will be eventually compete out and what we will see.This is a depiction, just as a first century Jew would read and write. What we do know is that it will not be the same The point of this metaphor is that no one is immune from experiencing Gods judgment. The entirety of the universe will bear witness to Gods will as an incredible phenomenon, displayed in the cosmos, that will denote Christs Second Coming (Mark 1324-26 Luke 225-27). Overall, it is cardinal to note that 28 percent of the Old Testament is prophecy, most of which came to mountain pass in the life and work of our Lord Jesus Christ.The fresh Testament has over 20 percent of some form of prophecy too, of which most (although this is debated) has not yet come to pass. Therefore, apocalyptic literature is important because God has dedicated a significant portion of his word to it. Again, do not read in what is not there. We are given a clear warning in Revelation 2218-19 not to add in our ideas or take a way His prec epts and then teach what is false. I believe it is ok to speculate academically, research, and argue and deliberate over the views, but we are not to seek or read in what we trust and then miss what he as. Bibliography Stein, Stephen L. , ed. The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism. Vol. 3, Apocalypticism in the Modern world and the Contemporary Age. New York Continuum, 2000. McGinn, Bernard, ed. The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism. Vol. 2, Apocalypticism in Western History and Culture. New York Continuum, 2000. Himmelfarb, Martha. The Apocalypse A Brief History. Chichester, UK Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Cook, Stephen L. The Apocalyptic Literature. Interpreting Biblical Texts. capital of Tennessee Abingdon, 2003.

Mendel Vs. Darwin

Dear Mr.. Mendel, I am truly Interested In your study of communicables. I also am a Naturalist and we sell the same liberty chition for Gods creation. I have kn deliver, from your studies of genetics, organisms may only pass down traits to their offspring that they were innate(p) with. This proved Lamarckism theory to be incorrect. Your studies immortalise many helpful genetic facts. virtuoso of which is all members of a species are all divergent in some way. This ties together part of my own theory called Natural Selection.I too believe that all organisms are born with different variations. Variations that help to get food or escape from predators go out help that animal survive. Then, those animals will reproduce offspring with the helpful variation. Your genetic studies reinforce my theory of Natural Selection. One of our few differences is that you conduct controlled experiments, plot of ground I simply observe nature. Much of my work took place maculation sailing on th e Beagle around South America and Africa. I observed the natural life and took notes.You externalizem to Like on the job(p) In a laboratory while I Like to look the world and see nature as It happens. Our methods of study are just about opposite, but some(prenominal) reveal much information. Every organisms difference is a variation. While I traveled to the Galapagos, I noticed many variations in the finch species. From island to island, each finch shuttle has a different type of beak. I hypothesize this is because each island has different food sources so each bird adapted to their environment.Some have sharp, polished beaks to separate insects while others on different islands have shorter beaks to pick seminal fluid off the ground. I understand that in your research with peas you have bring out that offspring inherit only traits that the parents were born with. I organize similar thoughts about the finches. As you may be studying, my theory Is very controversial withi n the church. Most people think low upon me for believe my theory. Some say Natural Selection Is spill against the churches belief of the genesis written In the Bible.Fortunately for you, you are part of the monastery. You have your colleagues to support your ideas and thoughts. I am in the process of writing book to express my ideas to the people. I hope my ideas will be revolutionary and change the thoughts of evolution. My wish is that night club will someday find value in my research, even if it is rejected by the church in present. Sincerely, Charles Darwin Mendel Vs.. Darwin By resourcefulness I am very interested in your study of genetics. I also am a Naturalist and we share the same passion for Gods creation.I have known, from your studies of genetics, One of our few differences is that you conduct controlled experiments, while I seem to like working in a laboratory while I like to explore the world and see nature as it happens. Our methods of study are almost opposite, b ut both reveal much As you may be thinking, my theory is very controversial within the church. Most people think low upon me for believing my theory. Some say Natural Selection is going against the churches belief.

Monday, February 25, 2019

Age and sex discrimination Essay

The terms agism and sexism were coined nearly the same time (1969 and 1970, respectively), but sexism has com manpowerce to a greater extent widely used than agism (Schick, 20067). Al close to every whiz has heard of sexism. Until recently, fewer people had heard of ageism. Both concepts refer to evil or unlikeness against a category of people sexism is usu every(prenominal)y directed against women, and ageism is usu aloney directed against the aged. However, roundtimes sexism is directed against men (by some extreme feminists), and ageism is sometimes directed against younger people (positive ageism, Palmore, 1990 44).Prejudice is a prohibit attitude toward a category of people that is inaccurate and resistive to change. Discrimination is an inappropriate treatment of a category of people, usually found on prejudice (Atchley, 200117). Sexism and ageism combine in all doable ways a few areas show neither one, more areas are affected by one but not the other, but most a reas are affected by both. There may be some areas with neither ageism nor sexism, although it is hard to think of any area tout ensemble free of such prejudice.In some areas there is sexism with smaller or no ageism. For example, it is chiefly believed that women of any age should not marry men younger than themselves, but it is all right for men to marry women younger than themselves. This is a main reason why there are everyplace five times as numerous widows as widowers over 65. On the other hand, in some areas there is ageism but little or no sexism. For example, legion(predicate) people believe that most superannuated people are feeble or senile, regardless of gender. The fact is that the volume of people over 65 are neither feeble nor senile.In most areas both ageism and sexism combine to intensify the problems of old(a) women. For example, women of all ages tend to throw lower incomes than men (sexism), but ripened women excessively tend to pitch even lower inc omes than younger women (ageism). This situation is often called double jeopardy because of the combined effects (Schick, 2006 99). Sontag (1972) coined the term double tired of agedness. This refers to the faction of sexism and ageism that multiplies the effects of both, more than would be expected on the basis of simply adding the two effects.For example, organism physically attractive is more important in most womens lives than in mens (sexism) and there is a common belief that older persons are generally not as attractive as young people (ageism). However, womens grey hair, wrinkles, bulges, and stooped bodies receive harsher judgment than those of men. For many women, aging style a humiliating process of gradual informal disqualification (Sontag, 1972 30-35), while many men enjoy more romantic success later in life because they have more status, money, and power than they had earlier.As a result, being a spinster or old maid is considered a sorrowful status, while being an older bachelor is not so bad. annotate that there is no male equivalent of old maid. It may be objected that many older women do not mind this sexual disqualification and slump to it by renouncing all interest in sexual activities or by becoming lesbians. This is true, but beside the point. The point is that sexism combined with ageism tends to enforce this sexual disqualification whether or not the woman likes it (Levin and Levin, 2000210).There are many sources of ageism individual, social, and heathenish (Palmore, 199051). The individual sources include authoritarian personalities, frustration and aggression, selective perception, rationalization, and last anxiety. The social sources include modernization, competition, obsolescence, segregation, and selffulfilling prophecies. The cultural sources include the process of blaming the victim, differing value orientations, language, mode, songs, art, literature, television, and cultural lag.There are probably just as many so urces of sexism that have been documented and analyzed elsewhere (Friedan, 1963 107). The most popular sources of sexism that seem to enlarge in old age are humor and language. Negative jokes or so women of all ages are common. However, jokes active old women seem to be relatively more frequent and more ban than those about younger women (Palmore, 199053). As any student of racism or sexism knows, negative humor is one of the most common and effective ways to perpetuate negative stereotypes about a minority group.One reason negative humor about a group is so common and effective is that it is passed off as just a joke or harmless humor. In fact, negative humor is rarely harmless and is especially insidious because its viciousness is masked by its overt funniness. Thus the age-concealment jokes reinforce the stereotype that all older women are repentant of their age, while older men are not. It may well be that somewhat more old women are ashamed of their age than are old me n (because of the double bar of aging), but that is beside the point.Similarly, the status of old maid is generally considered more negative than that of old bachelor, but that too is beside the point. The point is that such negative humor reinforces prejudice against older women. One of the most subtle but permeant influences of culture on our attitudes is our language the words we use to identify or describe a person or group the derivations, definitions, and connotations of the words their synonyms and antonyms and the condition in which they are used. Our language often supports ageism in all of these ways (Palmore, 199057).In addition, two analyses of words for elders have found that many of them in like manner reflect sexism. Covey (1998) found that terms for old women have a much longer history of negative connotations than those for old men, because women not only faced a long history of ageism, but also sexism and religious persecution (as in witch hunts) (Covey, 199829 1). How can this malevolent combination of sexism and ageism be combatted? In general, most of the strategies that have been successful in reducing racism and sexism in general could be used to reduce the combination of sexism and ageism.Individuals can take the following actions to reduce prejudice and discrimination against older women 1. Inform yourself so you have the facts to combat the misconceptions and stereotypes. 2. Examine your own attitudes and actions and submit to eliminate those that reflect sexism and ageism. 3. Inform your relatives, friends, and colleagues about the facts, especially when some prejudice is expressed or implied. 4. Do not tell ageist or discriminatory jokes and refuse to laugh when you hear one. (Try converting the joke to an age- and sex-neutral joke by not specifying age or sex.) References Atchley R. 2001. Social forces and aging. Belmont, CA Wadsworth. Covey H. 1998. Historical spoken communication used to represent older people. Gerontologi st, 28. Friedan B. 1963. The feminine mystique. New York Norton. Levin J. , & Levin W. 2000. ageism Prejudice and discrimination against the elderly. Belmont, CA Wadsworth. Palmore E. 1990. Ageism Negative and positive. New York Springer. Schick F. (Ed. ) 2006. statistical handbook on aging Americans. Phoenix, AZ Oryx Press. Sontag S. 1972. The double standard of aging. Saturday Review, 55 (39).

How does Thomas Hardy delelop suspense Essay

Suspense is the creation of excitement at the approach of the climax, whether of the self-colored novel, or just a particular chapter or scene. Tension is the speck of uneasiness or stress caused by suspense, not knowing what bequeath transpire next. It is forgive that the two argon very(prenominal) closely interre freshd, and when they argon employed in a text they be in possession of signifi deposet make on the proof commentator. Suspense and tensity keep the ref guessing roughly what get come forward(p) ensue, whitherfore drawing the commentator into the taradiddle and, cruci everyy, maintaining their interest so that they want to read on.Thomas Hardy uses not only his get writing techniques and interpretation to create suspense and focus in his novels, provided also the demeanor and development of his characters. At the beginning, we atomic number 18 presented with the four characters of Rhoda Brook, her word of honor, sodbuster anticipate and Gertrude. W e are un surely how their relationships will develop. This uncertainty creates tensity, and right from the fix, the subscribers interest is evoked. When Hardy wrote The Withered Arm in the late 1800s, a belief in magic was common among all great deal of the time.This is embodied in the story by the characters Rhoda Brook and sorcerer Trendle, who are described as being a witch and a case cloth wizard respectively. The inclusion of a magical and supernatural theme in the story is a good way of interesting the indorser and creating tension, because as witchcraft and magic are subjects most people in a modern audience know little rough, they add to the contributors unawareness and curiosity about events in the story. Suspense and tension are created in chapter two, when Gertrude arrives with f builder Lodge.We learn that Rhoda has an illegitimate son with husbandman Lodge, and therefore understand her jealous interest in his new bride. She demonstrates her son to unwrap h er a look, and tell me what shes like If shes dark or fair, and if shes tall as tall as I. When her son returns from his reconnaissance Rhoda interrogates him it is make she is grand for every detail. The boy couldnt call in how tall she was, because she was sitting down, and Rhoda tells him to watch her at the church the next twenty-four hours Go early and notice her walking in, and come home and tell me if shes taller than I. When he comes back with the information She is not tall.She is sooner short. It is clear that Rhoda is delighted Ah said his mother with satisfaction. This scene creates tension and suspense because the contributor is wondering how Rhoda Brooks obsession with Gertrude will manifest itself later on in the story? The referee is left-hand(a) guessing until the onset of Chapter three, where the consequence of Rhodas constant psychological obsession on Gertrude is revealed. It is mentioned at the end of chapter two that from her boys description and the casual words of the other milkers, Rhoda Brook could raise a psychical image of the unconscious Mrs Lodge that was realistic as a photograph. In chapter three Rhoda has a peck while she sleeps. Gertrude appears as a spirit, flavour old and wrinkled, seats herself heavily on Rhodas chest and thrusts her unify ring into Rhodas face. Rhoda struggled and so In a last desperate effort, swung out her right hand, seized the confronting spectre by its obtrusive left arm, and whirled it reverse to the floor. The dream is extremely real and frightening for Rhoda, and it c bring upes the story completely for the reader. Whereas to begin with it was a story about rural life, now its an solely darker tale that incorporates magic and superstition.The change of atmosphere adds tension, as do Rhodas violent actions. The reader is in suspense, as there are a lot of unanswered distrusts what will happen now? Where will the story go from this crucial event? What will happen to Gertrude? The latter question is answered later in the chapter, when Gertrude turns up at Rhodas door unexpectedly, with a gift for her son. Gertrude reveals that a strange ailment has impaired her arm and when she reveals it and is questioned about it, it becomes clear to Rhoda that it was made at the same time as she had her vision and Rhodas handprint can be seen upon it.When Gertrude becomes a regular visitor to the cottage, the readers intrigue is ontogenesisd again, as at once again they do not know what will happen next the suspense carcass as there are important questions will Gertrude heal her arm? When, in the last paragraph of chapter three, Rhoda mentions that she has been slyly called a witch since she had farmer Lodges child, suspense is increased because both the reader and Rhoda are unsure whether she is a witch or not. Another exemplification of the creation of suspense and tension can be found in chapter four when Gertrude and Rhoda visit prestidigitator Trendle.Ger trude hopes that the White Wizard will retrieve her withering arm, whilst Rhoda fears that she will be revealed as the witch who per create the expletive. When they arrive at the house, Conjuror Trendle sends Rhoda out of the populate this has the effect of unnerving Rhoda and simultaneously adding to the readers intrigue. He accordingly reveals a face to Gertrude in the egg white, besides neither the reader nor Rhoda are told who Gertrude sees Gertrude murmured a reply in tones so low as to be inaudible to Rhoda.On the way home the conversation is stilted, and it becomes clear from her responses and manner that she has discovered Rhodas secret Was it you who first proposed coming here? How very odd, if you did Hardy creates suspense and tension in this scene by allowing the reader to form their own opinion as to what Gertrude saw. This scene is very tense, because Rhoda is left, literally, in suspense as she waits to find out if she has been revealed. The suspense is worn o ut right up until the journey home, as Gertrude says nothing when she comes out of Trendles house What did you see? Nothing I care to express of. In the last sentence of chapter four it is bluntly told that Rhoda left the village. her face grew sadder and thinner and in the spring she and her boy disappeared from the neighbourhood of Holmstoke. This one-line dismissal of a major character completely changes the story. By this point in the story, the readers suspense is beginning to wane as they would have formed possible outcomes and plot developments to do with Rhoda and her son, and about her becoming a witch, but by having them leave unexpectedly, the reader is forced to create fresh predictions, gum olibanum renewing the suspense and tension.The shortness of the exit, and the lack of Hardys earmark description, adds to the readers shock, because they were not built up to or inclined(p) for Rhodas difference it is a surprise. As the condition of Gertrudes afflicted arm deteriorates, so too does her marriage. For sodbuster Lodge, the withered arm is an anaphrodisiac and he becomes gloomy and silent. Gertrude grows change magnitudely lonely and forlorn, and this impels her to seek out remedies of all types in the hope of regaining some of her beauty, and winning back her husbands love If I could only again be as I was when he first saw me Complying with her husbands wishes, she destroys her medicines, but her yearning for a redress does not diminish. She wishes to try another type of cure entirely, and so she travels to Conjuror Trendle once again. As Gertrudes initial natural wish to cure her arm becomes darker and obsessive, suspense and tension are created once again. Similarly to the curse itself, this appearance of a darker theme in the story creates tension.The reader can also tell that the obsession is heading to a climax, but as the outcome is not known, the reader is left in suspense. The obsession progresses aft(prenominal) chapter 7, when Gertrude meets with Conjuror Trendle and he informs her of a possible cure to rub her afflicted arm on the neck of freshly-hanged person. It is here that the story grows even darker, once again prompting questions from the reader Will she go through with the cure?Gertrude is hesitant about it, and the task seems so revolting that it is not clear whether her need for a cure is strong enough to overcome her fears Of all the remedies that the white wizard could have suggested there was not one which would have filled her with as much aversion as this. This doubt creates tension, because the reader is again left in suspense, and the closer to the climax we get, the tenser it becomes, especially as Gertrudes desire to complete her task increases. She longed for the death of a associate degree creature and at night her unconscious prayer was O Lord, hang some guilty or innocent person soon .This spacious change of character, from sweet and gentle, to sinister and morbid, praying f or death, shows just how obsessed with curing her arm Gertrude is, and this gradual development of her character also patrons to create suspense because the reader wants to see if her character finds a hanging soon, or she goes mad, or changes her behaviour again. This uncertainty creates more suspense and tension because the reader is not sure what will happen, we can not easily predict the outcome. Eventually, Gertrude hears of the hanging of a young boy taking place in a nigh village and, with her husband away on business, she sets off on a cart horse.When she reaches the village she proceeds to locate the Hangman, and explains to him about her arm. He agrees to help her to sneak in after the hanging. When she is waiting below the gallows, Hardy resplendently describes the feelings of Gertrude and this increases the tension. He shows just how terrified she is she could scarcely discern anything it was as though she had nearly died, and this emotion and fear acts as a build-up to the climax we are held in suspense until the end, just after Gertrudes arm is lastly cured, she hears Rhodas Brook shriek from behind her Rhoda is standing there with Farmer Lodge at her side.The deceased boy is their son. The double shock of the paying back of her arm and the revelation of Farmer Lodge and Rhoda is too much for Gertrude, and she collapses, and dies ahead she gets home. The long and intricate description that Hardy uses throughout the book is winder to the creation of suspense and tension within the story. He often describes the backcloth in great detail which, as well as increasing the readers interest and giving them a clear noetic image, creates an atmosphere and gives the scene a palpcapable sense of tension.To take an example from chapter five thick clouds made the atmosphere dark, though it was as til now only early afternoon, and the wind howled dismally over the slopes of the heath. The boneheaded description sets the scene perfectly and by takin g the reader into the tantrum he ensures that events within the story have more effect on them. Because the description of the characters feelings is so good we relate to them better, and consequently we feel the tension and suspense more.I have shown that Hardy develops the suspense and tension in a variety of ways in The Withered Arm. He is able to maintain the readers interest through the developing plot, the themes and lecture techniques employed in the story the magic and superstition underpinning the story, compelling the reader to read on, the extensive description that creates tension and a sense of place, as well as the emotions of the characters as they develop all these things stimulate the readers interest.The whole story builds to a climax at the start Rhoda finds out about Farmer Lodges marriage to Gertrude, then as the characters develop, many things change, and by the end Gertrude is alone and Rhoda and Farmer Lodge are there together, at the climax. The suspense is held right until the end. I cerebrate that the section where Rhoda leaves creates the most tension and increases the suspense. In this example, ironically, it is the lack of Hardys description that affects the reader it is uncharacteristic and therefore amplifies the sense of change.It changes the story dramatically, because the reader believes Rhoda to be the main character the one that we are relating to, and suddenly she is gone, leaving us with little relationship in the story again. We then discover Gertrude until the climax whereupon we are reintroduced to Rhoda. Hardys way of making us see the plot from both sides is a great way to increase tension, especially when Rhoda disappeared and we did not know what she was doing or feeling.

Sunday, February 24, 2019

Drug Abuse within University Students in Ottawa Essay

The term dose ab hire refers to both ingestion of any dose for something else a part from its planned health check or psychiatric purpose. The subr discloseine of such(prenominal) medicines may involve make office of prescription medicates for wrong purposes or using illicit doses. For instance, port has shown that in capital of Canada more university scholars take medicates non for the intended medical use just mainly to seduce naughty. al approximately students from capital of Canada who vitiate the doses in al roughly cases obtain the do dosess illegally from unlawful sources.This puts their lives in danger as they engage in dangerous methods of use of drugs that swerve from the accepted medical practice or scientific knowledge and they take drugs for reasons that they atomic second 18 non meant for (Weibe, 1994). The capital of Canada integ arranged drugs and addictions governing body alliance web defecate been retention several(prenominal) m eetings in an attempt to identify the issues related to precludeion, ploughment, harm decrement and enforcement among the Ottawa university students engaging in tenderness call. In this regard, the community ne iirk is in that respectfore preparing to consult the reality on related issues.The consultation from the public by the community depose only be d bingle conveniently through research, studies and surveys. Thesis statement The curse of drugs such as cocain, marijuana, diacetylmorphine and separate illicit drugs has been on the rise among university students in Ottawa. Several attempts consecrate been made by dissimilar groups including the Ottawa integrated drugs and addictions strategy community network to gain up with preventive measures and health promotion strategies but the drug mal intervention by these students is still on the rise.The current studies provided realise raised more concern on the fe manlike somebody person student ridiculers since in the youthful recent, less aid has been give backn to them and this as a resultant has exposed them to excessive blackguard of these drugs and at that placefore facing dreaded proprospicienting as comp ard to their manly counterparts who atomic twist 18 abusing the selfsame(prenominal) drugs (Single, Robson, Xie & Rehm, 1996). Research questions nigh of the questions prep atomic hail 18d for the phenomenological research included do the university students in Ottawa use or hollo drugs? If they do revilement the drugs then what argon the virtually usually ab employ cores among the students?What fortune of distaff students deprave drugs in relation to the percentage of the mascu origination students who vitiate the same drugs? Is in that respect any difference in the level of inlet amid the grammatical sexual urges? What onusuate do the student evilrs contract from the right of these drugs? Do the drug horrorrs patronize the same do? Interviewing For our interview we ar not going to intercommunicate ab come erupt the name of the student being interviewed but we ar or else going to refer to the students as student one up to student sextet respectively. Our interview questions ar going to be based on the research questions mentioned above.This being a phenomenological research whatever is describe in this paper is going to be exactly as it appeargond to the observer during the research (Rocheleau, 1995). educatee one detective as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa ar using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? student one the of drugs use by university students in Ottawa is maturement at a really towering rate and in that locationfore fits to be referred to as drug mal intercession since in to the highest degree case are utilise for purposes new(prenominal) than the intended ones, for instance about students take drugs to get high. researcher what are the mos t unremarkably ill-treated drugs by the university students at bottom Ottawa? scholarly person one the most commonly used drugs are cocaine, marijuana and at quantify diacetylmorphine and some other(a)s. Researcher how would you boisterous the tally of distaff students abusing drugs sexual intercourse to the number of young-begetting(prenominal) students in percentage? Student one it is a fact that the number of priapic students abusing the drugs is high than that of the pistillate students abusing drugs and it can be approximated to ab show up 50% of the distaff tribe and 70% of the manful population. Researcher what workuate do the drug shamers suffer afterwardswards go through the drugs?Student one most students suffer depressive inconveniences and peevishness disorders. Student two Researcher as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student two actually the d rug pulmonary tuberculosis by university students in Ottawa only fits to be described as drug treat. Researcher Why do you think the description best fits holler? Student two the use of drugs has become too much and in any case the drugs used by students are addictive and not meant improve health. Researcher which drugs do the university students in Ottawa used most?Student two the drugs commonly used are cocaine and marijuana but others like heroin and alcohol are also used. Researcher which group is most affect by the addiction habits, is it the staminate students or the fe potent students? Student two the male person students appear to be more moved(p) than the distaff students since they seem to train in large numbers compared to the effeminate students. Researcher what effects do they suffer after consuming the drugs? Student two the effects mostly suffered include mood disorders and depressive disorders. Researcher do both the womanly and the male students suffer t he same effects?Student two other than the already mentioned disorders, female students do suffer a good deal of crack and confrontation from their family members and friends unlike male students who do not set out the same (Pauline, 1997). Student three Researcher as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student three the drugs that are discharged and as they are consumed by university students in spite of appearance Ottawa are definitely exclaim. Researcher which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most?Student three the drugs commonly used are cocaine, marijuana, heroin and alcohol. Researcher how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student three the number of female students using the drugs is usually lower than that of the male students abusing the drugs so according to my contiguity it is 48% for female and 65% for male. Researcher what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student three students who abuse the drugs in most cases seem depressed and out of mood and usually fail to finish normally.Researcher which group do you think is most affected by the drugs? Student three the female students seem to be more affected since they tend to suffer more long term effects than male students. Student intravenous feeding Researcher as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student four the drugs as consumed by the students are more abuse that use. Researcher why do you say so? Student four the rate, the purpose and the relative frequency of drug consumption by university students cannot be termed as usage.Researcher which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student four the drugs commonly consumed are marijuana, cocaine, alcohol, heroin among other s. Researcher how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student four the percentage of male students consuming drugs is usually higher(prenominal)(prenominal) than that of the female students consuming drugs. Researcher what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student four the effects of drugs includes stigma which is mostly suffered by female students, others effects are mood disorders and depression.Student five Researcher as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student five the rate and beat at which drugs are consumed is said to be abused. Researcher which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student five the drugs commonly used include cocaine and alcohol. Researcher how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage?Student five the number of female students consuming the drugs when compared to the male students is 45% to 65 %. Researcher what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student five the effects are hangover, failing to actualize properly, dizziness and depression. Researcher which group do you think is most affected by the drugs? Student five those who abuse the drugs suffer the same effects. Student six Researcher as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student six the students do abuse the drugs.Researcher which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student six mostly they consume cocaine and at times alcohol, marijuana, heroin and many others. Researcher how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student six the percentage for male students abusing drugs is higher than those of female abusing drugs. Researcher what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student six drug abuse causes depression, malfunctioning, mood disorders and many others. aspiration of the thinkThe main objective of the mull on drug abuse by university students in Ottawa was to find out if the students do use or abuse the drugs, to establish the motivations laughingstock the consumption of these drugs, to clarify the rate of drug abuse by university students in Ottawa, to identify the drugs mainly abused by university students in Ottawa, to verify the relationship between the female students consumption and male students consumption, to identify how the abuse of these drugs affect the lives of the students, to identify some of the measures that can be taken to prevent drug abuse by the students and to treat the already affected students(Pauline, 1997). Delimitations of the study The main advantage enjoyed during the study was that it was open to find and intervie w antithetic students on the issue of drug abuse among them since the study was conducted during school session when all students were in their respective teaching institutions in that locationfore it confused less cost around tone for students to interview. In addition, bounteous private rooms for interviews were provided where students felt free to share their ideas on the study of discussion. Limitations Even though the students were available, most of them proved so unreliable.This is because most of the students were not ready to be interviewed. Those who were ready for the interview however tended to give inadequate information since most of them did not want to disclose broad(a) information regarding their drug use status as they considered it something private and therefore wanted to preserve it. In addition, most students who were addicted capsules to treat their drug abuse related disorders were not willing to take them, which resulted, to a luck of wastage. Con sequently, it was not easy to get urine samples for test from drug abusers since most of them could not allow it. (El-Guebaly & Hodgins,1992).Research strategies Having a topic of study, the phenomenological research strategy mingled, first developing the topic. In case, it is a drug abuse among university students in Ottawa, What effects does the use illicit drugs such as cocaine, marijuana and many others return on the health of students? needed to be asked before effect with the research. The next step complicated conclusion the background information on drug abuse by university students in Ottawa. This was done by looking for the key words of the topic from encyclopedias with the subject. From the encyclopedia, several articles were read which set the linguistic context for the research.Additional background information was found from textbooks and other reserved materials, which involved research, conducted on the same topic by diametrical researchers in different yrs. It also involved finding out for how long this has been going on and what has been done to prevent it (Ogborne, Braun & Schmidt, 1996). The research further involved finding books and articles to find out what other researchers who conducted their study on the same topic found out. It was from here that a comparison was made to find out if the statistics on the drug abuse by university students in Ottawa has changed.The past studies were of great significance since different ideas on what should be done to prevent the practice were suggested without having to repeat the measures that had been implemented and which did not work. In concluding the research, different sources of information were evaluated and cited in relation to how comprehensive the information got from them were. Role of the researcher The main role of the researcher in this study was to interview different students to be able to verify their opinions and perception of the use of illicit drugs in spite of appearanc e or outside their learning institutions.The researcher was also to find out the major motivations behind the students drug abuse behavior and the effects they suffer after consuming the drugs. In addition, the researcher was to administer some drug abuse disorder related capsules to find out how effective they could be in reducing drug samples in blood. Furthermore, the researcher was to carry out some random tests on some of the drug abusers to find out the drug that is most commonly abused by university students in Ottawa (Weibe, 1994). Strategies for ensuring trustworthinessDuring the study, it was not easy to coax the students to reveal information regarding their drug abuse behaviors. This was because the students were more concerned about preserving their privacy, which they were not willing to sham known to the institution authorities, their parents and even friends. It was therefore upon the researchers to explore different strategies to convince the students that whateve r they were going to discuss was to remain a secret between the student and the interviewer.This was done by ensuring that the involved only two population i. e. the researcher and the student in a private room where no any other party could steal the topic of discussion (Christensen, Jacobson, 1997). lit review The phenomenological research on drug abuse by university students in Ottawa found out that the drugs possibly abused by these students are mainly prescription drugs. Such drugs are usually opiate based for pain in the ass relief, tranquilizers, stimulants and amphetamines. Others also include sedatives and barbiturates.The study however found out that the most seriously abused drugs by the students of Ottawa University are cocaine and marijuana. intimately students who abuse drugs such as the barbiturates were found to do so with the purpose of getting rid of anxiety and sleep disorders. On the other hand, the abusers of tranquillizers consume them with an intention of reducing stress and panic attacks. Studies on drug abuse by students since 1970s has shown that male students consume more drugs than their female counterparts. The frequency of drug usage was also found to be high in males than in females.For example, a study conducted on Ottawa University students on drug abuse sustain that about 74% of male students compared to 53% of female students consumed more than one to two standard drinks in the previous class (Corbett, 1994). Very recent studies on drug abuse among university students however showed that there was a smaller gender difference in levels of drug consumption. A recent survey of Ottawa university students showed that 83. 3% of female students and 84. 9% of male students had abused drugs in the past one year. Most Ottawa university male and female students are assumed to consume drugs moderately.Nevertheless, a crap gender difference is confirmed from self- account by the students of excessive drug consumption. The excessive consumption especially alcohol consumption is defined by four or more drinks by female students on a single former and five or more drinks by male students on a single occasion. The rate for harmful consumption for female students is however higher than that of male students. Almost a half of the total female students (42%) who had engage in drug abuse were reported to have had harmful abuse as compared to 46.3% of all the male students who had abused drug that year reported to have had harmful abuse (Ogborne, Braun & Schmidt 1996). Harmful consumption of drugs as was identified included those who felt in the wrong after consuming the drug, those who could not remember anything after taking the drug, those who suffered drug abuse related injuries and those whom after consumption of the drugs suggested decline in drug abuse among students (El-Guebaly, 1990). Other than those who suffered harmful abuse, there are those who were found to be reliant abusers. Dependent abusers invol ved approximately 28.6% of female students and 30. 5% of male students. It was noted that the dependent abusers could not stop using the drugs, could not perform expected activities after the consumption of drugs or needed some daybreak consumption of the drugs. The table below shows the percentage of university students by sex who were reported past year for harmful and dependent drink. Sex Harmful drinking Dependent drinking Female 42% 28. 6% Male 46. 3% 30. 5% On further survey, 56 percent of all the female abusers were found to be taking at least five drinks on a single occasion in the course of the year.On the other hand, 26. 1% were found to be taking at least cardinal drinks on one occasion during the same period. In addition to the above surveys, a research conducted indicated that 30. 4% of male students were reported to have taken alcohol beyond the low risk guidelines for alcohol consumption as compared to 15. 2% of the female students (Ogborne, Smart& locomote 1998). correspond to the research, in a situation where the harm got from drug abuse is as a result of substance abuse, there occurs very small gender difference quoted by male and female students.For instance a study conducted in 2004 confirmed that 6. 9% of female students and 9. 1% of male students reported that there occurred at least harm in their lives during the past year as a result of their drug consumption and 30. 4% of female and 30. 7% of male students reported harm as a result of another persons consumption(Corbett, 1994) In 1994 a survey recent reports showed an increasing drug abuse for illicit drugs such as cocaine, heroin and others by male and female students.Generally, male students were found to be on the front line when it comes to reporting the use of illicit drugs as compared to their female counterparts. Nevertheless, the most recent reports point to an increasing self-reports by both female and male students in the use of cannabis although a significant gender di fference remains. On alcohol and other drugs abuse, 10% of male students and 5% of female students were reported to be abusers of cannabis while a same study conducted in 2004 indicated an increment to 18% for male students and 10% for female students.In addition, the same study in the 2004 indicated that 7. 35% of female students and 14. 1% of male students were abusers of cocaine. The study conducted in Ottawa University provided enough evidence that the difference in gender in relation to illicit substance use is getting smaller. scandalize on this situation has attracted international attention especially from Australia, united sates and other European Union countries. In the year 2004, 15. 8% of female students and 18. 1% male students reported harms from their own cannabis consumption.Research has shown that approximately 25% to about 33% of all students using injection drugs in Ottawa University are female students. This has been identified as a major federal agent for HIV infection in female students. It has been noted that of the entire confirmatory tests of HIV in women from the year 1985 to 2002, between 33% and 48% have been as a result of injection drug use. Reports from the study revealed that there is consumption of the ketom plant leaves by university students in Ottawa as a drug because the leaves of ketom plants contain hallucinogens, which are as intoxicating as marijuana.The increase abuse of drugs in university colleges is blamed on the difficulties in enforcing laws in such institutions, which speeds up the spread of such drugs. (Corbett, 1994). A further research showed that many drug users do suffer mood disorders. For instance among those abusing cocaine, the most commonly detected disorders are depressive disorders. The analysis revealed that the association between mood disorders and drug abuse among the abusers is usually very complicated. Most drug abusers do phase up depression that comes as a result of physical and mental en durance connected with the use of drugs.The study showed that most students who suffered mood disorders after abusing cocaine became drug dependent after making attempts of self-medication. Initially it was not easy to handle the conditions of students who were suffering from both mood disorders and drug abuse but it became possible after a research revealed that a treatment on mood disorders alone could have a positive effect on drug abuse (Boyd, Millard & Webster 1985). A research that was conducted on students involved urine test whereby unsystematic weekly examinations indicated a significant high use of cocaine as compared to marijuana by different students.Most of the students who tested positive for drug abuse however, were found to have come from families with a history of substance abuse, which in most situations reached, back to several generations. All students from such families had started abusing the drugs long before enrolling in the institution. All students who part icipated in the study and who happened to be drug abusers were given packets of capsules which they were to take two times each day during the four week study. For most of the students, the capsules included lithium prescription that had shown its effectiveness in treating adult bipolar patients.Bipolar disorder in most students was found to have been caused by substance abuse disorder including the use of marijuana, alcohol, cocaine and other multiple drugs. During the study, a number of students were also treated as outpatients and given weekly therapy sessions in addition. In the course of the study, blood vessels of lithium were tested at least doubly every week to ensure that the participants were taking the capsules given to them. Samples of urine were also taken on a similar basis to scrutinize the use of drug (Christensen & . Jacobson, 1997).The percentage of the students taking the lithium capsules, the drug positive samples changed from 38% to approximately 8% indicating a significant diminution. Four random tests were conducted during the study and the urine samples that were tested revealed the students self reports. They were definitely a noteworthy reduction in the use of drug. In addition to reduction in drug use, the students receiving lithium capsules progressed in the symptoms of bipolar disorder. The improvement was mainly noted in their ability to function properly in school activities as compared to how they could function before the study.Chronically drug dependent students who were suffering from primary and subaltern depression were recognized in the course of the study and treated. Most students who go through a drop in depressive symptoms and those who noted improvements confessed that they had noted a reduction in their crave and use of drugs mainly cocaine and marijuana. The research that was conducted indicated that there has been almost forty years of trying to prevent drug abuse among university students in Ottawa. This has been done by conducting youth counseling especially to those who have developed drug addiction.In addition to youth counseling a treatment centre for youth who are suffering from drug abuse related disorders have been opened to help treat the youth. In an valuation of the best measures to put forward in trying to find treatment to substance abuse in Canada, a study showed that female students do suffer a lot of stigma in connection with their substance abuse problem as compared to the male students. In addition, the research has set up that the female students do suffer much confrontation from their families and friends and most blackball consequences in treatment center (El-Guebaly, 1990).The female students do suffer the cast out consequences in treatment centers as a result of problems from family members, neglect by friends, lack of finances to cater for the treatment bill and other unfavorable effects related to the well-being of females. It has been demonstrated in differ ent researches that advertise of drugs has a very strong influence on the way university students in Ottawa perceive some of these drugs and can therefore be a source of motivators to these students to engage in their consumption.Furthermore, female students as compared to male students experience sexual abuse and physical abuse, which in most cases have a strong relationship with substance abuse. Research has demonstrated that female students who had at one time in their lives suffered sexual assault in most cases do use or misuse drugs at early ages and in most cases, they use them in large quantities (El-Guebaly & Hodgins, 1992).For According to the research conducted, the effect of abusing drugs and especially the illicit drugs such as cocaine and marijuana have been found to diverge among female students and also between female and male students depending on the drugs that are on hand for use. The effects of the drugs however do depend on the type of drug consumed, how regular the abuser use the drug, the amount of drug consumed and the general health condition of the person consuming the drug (Smart, 1983).Example a review on the effect between male and female students established that female students are affected very much differently from male students with exaltation. The analysis of the study showed that female students with rapture unlike male students do experience more severe comminuted changes and difficulties in making decision. In addition, the female students suffer more long lasting effects such as mood swings, depression, paranoia and anxiety than their male counterparts who engage in the consumption of similar drugs.Consequently, the oddment rate from substance abuse among university students in Ottawa seems to be high for female students as compared to that of the male students. Findings From the study on the causes of drug abuse by university students in Ottawa its has been found that there is inadequate education and legal community measures that look into the needs of different individuals and especially university students over their life span. It has been pointed out that there is an immense distinction between what is said and what is done as faraway as prevention of drug abuse among university students in Ottawa is concerned.According to the planners, prevention measures should be long term and lasting, however most prevention measures put across are always short term receivable to poor funding. In addition to this, there is lack of treatment centers for flock suffering from drug related disorders thus causing long time lag lists for university students (El-Guebaly, 1990). The study has also revealed that advertisements of different drugs and lack of implementation of policies regarding drug abuse in the universities in Ottawa are some of the major motivators behind the students drug abusing behavior.The drugs found to be more accessible as a result and therefore most commonly abused by the students w ere the cocaine and marijuana. The findings from the research have also indicated that the female students are the major sufferers from drug abuse and addiction even though the male students seem to consume drugs at higher rate and more frequently than the female students. The death rate from drug abuse of female students has also been found to high as compared to that of male students. ConclusionDespite the fact that drug abuse among university students in Ottawa is still high, research has proved that most of the students involved in the practice are willing to drop the idea and campaign their health status when appropriate measures are put in place. It is therefore upon the authorities concerned to take necessary actions to ensure that students are provided with enough information and resources to help them overcome the drug addiction (Ogborne, Smart $ Rush 1998). Significance of the studyThe study conducted on Ottawa university students has proved to be of great significance si nce several suggestions on how this problem can be solved have been suggested. The study was also of significance since different students were given an opportunity to express their feelings as far as drug abuse among university students is concerned and from that, it was realized that most students are willing and are ready to abandon the practice. In addition, most students were able to receive different tests on their blood and urine samples to verify the extent of drug level in their blood.Finally, most students were given capsules, which proved to be very effective in treating, and reducing drug abuse related disorders in their blood. Lessons learned From the studies and researches conducted it was clear that until recently very little attention was paid to female abusing drugs as compared to the attention given to male abusers both deep down the society and within the learning institutions. This is because females substance abuse has never been as high as that of male up to t he recent past.Nevertheless, we are before long seeing some matching in the levels of drug consumption among female and males. The studies have also revealed that in making efforts to promote drug abuse prevention measures and health of the drug addicts in learning institutions, professionals, addiction system planners and public policy makers have not given any attention to motivations for use of drugs by students and the speeding up consequences of use of drugs by female students in colleges (Boyd & Webster 1985).Future direction From the lessons learnt from the study it was recommended that instead of exploring a system, that involves drug abuse prevention, programs for health promotion that includes males and females, the planners and the programmers should attend to differing needs of different students in relation to their gender, and other problems related to drug abuse.The high rates of labored drug abuse by female students raised a lot of concern and recommendations such as low risk drinking guidelines for female students were made which required every female student involved in drug abuse to take at most three drinks in a single occasion or less than three in other circumstances depending on the type of drug being used. A further recommendation suggested that male students should limit their drinking to a uttermost of fourteen drinks per week and the female students should limit their drinking to a maximum of nine drinks per week.(Abrams, et. al 1993). References Abrams & D. B. et. al. (1993). Integrating Individual and Public Health Perspectives for discussion Of Tobacco Dependence under Managed Health Care A have Stepped Care and Matching Model. Tobacco Control 2 (supplementary) Boyd, N. , Millard, C. J. & Webster, C. D. (1985). Heroin word in British Columbia. 1976-1984. Thesis, Antithesis and Synthesis? Canadian Journal of Criminology 27(2), Christensen, A. , Jacobson, N. S. (1997).HIV, AIDS and snap Drug Use A National Action Plan. Ottaw a. 5(1, Jan) Corbett, G. (1994). Addiction grooming and Training Bringing the Field Together. Report of the Ontario Addictions Coordinating Groups Education and Training Working Group. Ontario Ministry of Health, Toronto. El-Guebaly, N. (1990). Substance iniquity and Mental Disorders The three-fold Diagnoses Concept. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry El-Guebaly, N. , Hodgins & DC (1992). Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse Prevalence Issues. Can

CRM Capabilities and the Customer Life Cycle Essay

Customer learnedness consists of the business enterprise processes in the CLC leading up to the guest moment, when consumers become clients . . . or not. This includes awareness generation, knowledge transfer, consideration, pre-sales, and evaluation. Capabilities include consumer surveys in business trading operations, tracking enterprise-wide client interactions in business management, and market ring analysis in business intelligence. The enterprise clearly requires node acquisition to maintain and expand revenues and profits.A business without nev. guest acquisition exit shrink and eventually fail. But compared to customer keeping amf expanding office of customer, customer acquisition can be expensive. I Expanding the share of customer is gaining the largest portion of acquisitions made by each individual customer in the global marketplace. The proportion of a customers move, that goes to a special(a) enterprise is known as the share of customer.Example capabilities in clude bringing of new information to a customer through business operations as the custome-, re-enters the CLC, taking advantage of cross-sell opportunities using business managerne7- capabilities, and identifying cross-sell opportunities through business intelligence capabilitie&. The benefits of expanding share of customer are similar to customer retentionadditional sales without the cost of acquiring a new customer. However, expanding the share of customer is as valuable as customer retention.Most companies kick downstairs that their most profitable customer-, are the ones that spend the largest percentages of their budgets with the enterprise. For example, one bank of late identified that every one of their most profitable customers (the top 20 per cent) gave their business to the bank, while none of the least profitable custome7, (the bottom 20 per cent) gave their business to the bank. What is new is the customer-cents_ nature of applications, which means organizing CRM pro cesses around the customer rath, than marketing, sales, or any other internal function.Measurements and feedback from the customer enable improvements in the CRM process. The customers viewpoint becomes aF integral part of the process, allowing it to change with the customers needs. In other words. companies base their actions not on the priorities of functional fiefdoms, moreover on the over72 corporate objective of providing customer satisfaction. However, in front aggressively deploying CRM applications, managers might have to restructure customer-interaction processes.Functional and shapingal structurei prevail to compartmentalize the various activities that go into serving the customer. Such fragmentation prevents customer information from being dispersed far enough within the organization to be useful in fact, it often stands in the way of efforts to number a relationship As a result, customized service is difficult and consequently, organizations consort to treat all c ustomers the same a damning impediment to edifice closer relationships.To counter fragmentation, leading-edge companies strive to take a more customer centred approach to CRM. There is a growing trend towards managing all the activities that ientify, attract, and curb customers in an integrated fashion, that is, managing them as a process that cuts across functional departments. By addressing these activities as a set of CRM processes, organizations can create passim communications and performance accountability for entire sets of activities. In short, a CRM al-Qaida is really a portfolio of process competencies.

Saturday, February 23, 2019

Histroy of English Language Essay

memorial of slope terminology will explain, why learning face as a secondly lingual communication is difficult without proper instruction, even though basic comp sensationnts be selfsame(prenominal). Throughout its news report face has been influenced by the varieties of lecture. dungeon expressions neer remain static. Every terminology is the product of exchange and continues to change as long as it is communicate. Only dead dictions a manage(p) Latin or Sanskrit change no longer, since no one speaks them now. The changes, while they do occur are gradual and slow and hence al closely imperceptible. oer a span of centuries, however, their cumulative effect is appreciable.Shakespeare side is difficult for new- do conducters Chaucers is al about is incomprehensible without formal instruction. The History of the slope language The origin During the romish invasion, the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. face belongs, in all its stages, to the Indo European family of languages, formerly called Indo-Germanic, and s cashbox earlier Aryan. Indo European is the evoke given to the set of linguistic forms from which nearly all European languages as well as those of Persia and very large part of India can be shewn to descend.The historians collapse applyd the article Indo-European because it merely suggests that the languages it comprises cover most of the Europe and India mark the length of its confines. The predominance and pioneering s of the position of the German Philologist side is one of the most important languages in the human being today. More the an 350 zillion masses in Great Britain are aboriginal speakers. In addition 150 one million million non-native speakers of English are there. English however is non spoken by large number of plurality in the beingness . Chinese, for instance spoken by much than 880 million people in China alone.Among the western languages English has the advantage in numbers. Spanish in spoken by about 210 million people. Russian is spoken about 200 million people Portuguese is spoken about 105 million people etc . Importance of a language is associated with political role compete by the nations using it and their influence in the international affairs. Several reasons may be adduced for current importance and popularity of English. historically the colonial expansion of the British Empire over which the sun never sets, was responsible for the imposition of the English on aspiring natives.Even later on achieving independence m whatever countries like Nigeria, India, Ghana continue to use English as official language for several reasons. The temperament of the English language and its tolerance to change has made it very popular. One of the major assets of the English language is the mixed character or its vocabulary. English being the Germanic descent has many linguistic act upon from the Germanic languages viz, German Dutch, Flemish, Danish, Scandinavian, Swedish, Norwegian. It also shares a large number of words with the European languages derived from Latin viz,French Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. because English seems very familiar to anyone who speaks a Germanic and Roman language. sooner of making new words chiefly by the combination of be elements, English has shown the marked tendency to go outside its own linguistic resources and borrow from other languages. These words soak up been so well assimilated into English the no one ever remembers or recognizes that they have been borrowed. Any etymological dictionary will show that English has borrowed from almost every language of the instauration Hebrew Arabic Hindi Tamil,Malay,WestAfrica,Chinese,Brazil etc.This is the reason why we call English a cosmopolitan vocabulary which is an asset to any language which seeks to attain international use. Modern linguists therefore accept the high-power nature of language. One of their axioms is that there are no slight forms of l anguage, for language, for languages fete changing all the metre. If English had remained pure over the centuries, we should still be speaking the language of Chaucer. Throughout the history, the English language has accepted with relative equanimity words from other languages with which it has been in connexion.There have been consequences in which speakers and writers have indulged in large-scale use of foreign words. In general, most people will agree that the foreign contribution to English has been useful. whatsoever languages avoid as far as possible the use of noncitizen terms instead they substitute new words made up of native elements. English however, has always accepted foreign words. Many hundreds of words of non-English origin are now part and parcel of the English vocabulary, undistinguishable from the native stock except to those with some knowledge of etymology.Of all the world languages, English has probably the vocabulary which is the most copious, heterogen eous and varied, at the same time this also one of the reason that learning English as second language be hails difficult. All the people, with whom its speakers have come in contact during more than(prenominal) than thirteen centuries of its growth, have left everlasting marks on the language. Some of the contacts have been deep and lasting like Greek, French and Latin. A study of the history of the English language, therefore, unfolds the panorama of English history-both tender and political.With an imperium over which sun never sets, the English language has been featurely on the fence(p) to foreign influences. The Romans with whom the superannuated Germanic tribes had dealings, the Romanized Britons, the Latin fathers of the church who were once thirstily studied the Danish and Norwegian invaders, the Norman French conquerors, the revival of ancient Latin and Greek classics at Renaissance, the Italian artists and men of garner of the sixteenth century the colonizing na tions of the same centuryall these have made their contributions to the English language.Arab mathematicians from Spain have enriched the language so have American Redskins and Indian sepoys. The Italianate Englishman of tabby cat Elizabeths time of whom Shakespeare made fun and famous writers like Dryden, horse parsley Pope, Jonathan Swift have left something of value in the English wordhoard. It is no doubt, that such statement might fairly be made about other language and their history but what stands out so remarkably about English is the abundance, the unparalleled descriptor and the length of the time during which foreign influences have been effective.Further, no other language has so frequently copious and heterogeneous material. In historical linguistics the contribution of particular foreign language to another is referred to as borrowing . In park parlance, borrowing means getting something form somebody on the fellow feeling that it is to be returned. Luckily, this definition does not apply to words which are borrowed, never to be returned. Linguists wonder whether stealing might be a more appropriate term for this phenomenon. As Haugen says The borrowing takes place without the lenders consent or even awareness and the borrower is under no financial obligation to repay the loan.One might as well call it stealing, were it is not the owner is deprived of nothing and feels no urge to recover his goods. The process might be called adoption, for the speaker does adopt element from a second language into its own. Even though English language has adopted variety of languages into it, the basic structure of the English language has not changed. English languages basic structure is, it has fixed word order. Due to more than two hundred years of English rule, Tamil has borrowed copiously from English. outright these words are not recognized as foreign at all.One hears an uneducated Tamil speaker use words like office school, ticket, gate, bus etc. In fact, practically no one remembers the Tamil equivalent of these words. The problem arises for the second language learners only when they were asked to use the language or reproducing it. Tamil is Dravidian language spoken by more than 65 million people. It is the official language of Tamil nadu state in India and one of the official languages of Srilanka also. Large Tamil-speaking communities also reside in south-central Africa,Singapore, Malaysia and the other Indian ocean islands.The soonest Tamil inscriptions dates from 200B. C. The lit in the language have a 2,000-year history. There are 247 letters in the Tamil alphabet. The 247 letters in the Tamil alphabet can be divide into 12 vowels 18 consonants, 216 vowel consonants and 1 special letter. The vowel consonants are formed by combining the vowel letters and consonants letters. The vowel-consonants letters also have long and suddenly sounds. The History of English is divided into three ages. Old English, Middle English and Modern English.There are 26 letters and 44 sounds, in that there 6 pure vowels and 18 diphthongs and 20 consonants in English language. Compared to Tamil language English has less number of letters ,but ironically language that has 247 letters(Tamil) has limited in terms of vocabulary, but English language that has 26 letters has million words. According THE HINDU newspaper which published an article duirng 2006, The department of Tamil language in the University of Madras has benn revising, enlarging and updating the Tamil lexicon.During 1924-39, the University of Madras had Published the Tamil Lexicon in seven volumes comprising 124,405 entries. Such a dictionary was pioneering venture in the pre-independence period. Prof. Vaiyapuri Pillai had played a huge role in the complication and publication. There have been persistent demands for updating and expanding the lexicon. The many social, political and technological changes in the six-decade period have direct bearing on the Tamil language. It is in this downplay that the Department of Tamil language of the Madras University had out forth its plan to fiat enlarge and update the lexicon.The present Tamil lexicon, under preparation ,will come out in 10 volumes, comprising atleast 500,000 entries ,will be bilingual in nature and at the same time render the meaning chronologically. On pinch of the vast difference in the number of letters in their alphabet, the Tamil language also differs in many grammatical items compared to the English language. The earlier period of English was formerly called as ANGLO SAXON. The history of English language is divided into three main periods .They are old English (from earliest writings till 1100) Middle English extends from about 1100A. D- 1450A. D, from 1450A. D till date its Modern English. The English language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world, for historical, political and economic reasons. first-class honours degree and foremost feat ure of English language is its extraordinary receptive and pliable heterogeneousness-the varied succor and readiness with which it has taken to itself material from almost all over in the world and has made the new elements of language its own.Throughout its history English has accepted with equinamity words from other languages with which it has been in contact. Foreign elements with ease and assimilated them all to its character. Though it is copiousness of vocabulary is majuscule. A second outstanding characteristic of English is simplicity of inflexion-the ease with which it indicates the relationship of words in a sentence with only the minimum of change in their shapes or variation of endings. A third quality of English is its relatively fixed-word order.An modify language like Latin or Russian can return to be fairly free in the arrangement of its words, since the inflexions show all the way the proper relationship in the sentence and ambiguity is unlikely. Of all worl d languages, English has probably the vocabulary which is most copious, heterogeneous and varied. All the peoples with whom its speakers have come into contact during more than thirteen centuries of the growth, have left permanent marks on the language. Some of the contacts have been deep and lasting like those of ancient Rome and France.Others have been casual like those of Spain or Czechoslovakia. During the Roman invasion, the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. While the Roman soldiers in townsfolk used Latin, the Britons in the countryside spoke Celtic. Later this was replaced by English. The history of the English language in Britain begins with the settlement of the Angels, Saxons and Jutes in Brtian. These three tribes came from the plains near Schelswing Holstein in North Germany. They had to encounter varying degrees of hostility from the Celts. For mutual protection the tribes combine into small kingdoms.The most important among these were Northumbria, Merci a. East Anglia, Wessex, Sussex, Essex and Kent. Under King Alfred Wessex enjoyed the leadership in learning. The English language of today reflects many centuries of developments. The political and social history of England has exerted a considerable impact on the language. The Christianizing of Britain in 597 brought English into contact with Latin civilization and many Latin words were added to the English vocabulary. Then the Scandinavian invasion resulted in considerable two people and their languages.For two centuries after the Norman Conquest English remained the language of the level classes. When English once more gained importance, it had been considerably changed from what it was in 1066. In a similar way the Hundred Years War, the rise of an important spirit class, the Renaissance the development of the British empire, the growth of commerce and industry, science and literature have all contributed to make the English language what it is today. In short the English lan guage reflects in its entire development the political, social and ethnic history of the English people.