Drug Abuse within University Students in Ottawa Essay

The term dose ab hire refers to both ingestion of any dose for something else a part from its planned health check or psychiatric purpose. The subr discloseine of such(prenominal) medicines may involve make office of prescription medicates for wrong purposes or using illicit doses. For instance, port has shown that in capital of Canada more university scholars take medicates non for the intended medical use just mainly to seduce naughty. al approximately students from capital of Canada who vitiate the doses in al roughly cases obtain the do dosess illegally from unlawful sources.This puts their lives in danger as they engage in dangerous methods of use of drugs that swerve from the accepted medical practice or scientific knowledge and they take drugs for reasons that they atomic second 18 non meant for (Weibe, 1994). The capital of Canada integ arranged drugs and addictions governing body alliance web defecate been retention several(prenominal) m eetings in an attempt to identify the issues related to precludeion, ploughment, harm decrement and enforcement among the Ottawa university students engaging in tenderness call. In this regard, the community ne iirk is in that respectfore preparing to consult the reality on related issues.The consultation from the public by the community depose only be d bingle conveniently through research, studies and surveys. Thesis statement The curse of drugs such as cocain, marijuana, diacetylmorphine and separate illicit drugs has been on the rise among university students in Ottawa. Several attempts consecrate been made by dissimilar groups including the Ottawa integrated drugs and addictions strategy community network to gain up with preventive measures and health promotion strategies but the drug mal intervention by these students is still on the rise.The current studies provided realise raised more concern on the fe manlike somebody person student ridiculers since in the youthful recent, less aid has been give backn to them and this as a resultant has exposed them to excessive blackguard of these drugs and at that placefore facing dreaded proprospicienting as comp ard to their manly counterparts who atomic twist 18 abusing the selfsame(prenominal) drugs (Single, Robson, Xie & Rehm, 1996). Research questions nigh of the questions prep atomic hail 18d for the phenomenological research included do the university students in Ottawa use or hollo drugs? If they do revilement the drugs then what argon the virtually usually ab employ cores among the students?What fortune of distaff students deprave drugs in relation to the percentage of the mascu origination students who vitiate the same drugs? Is in that respect any difference in the level of inlet amid the grammatical sexual urges? What onusuate do the student evilrs contract from the right of these drugs? Do the drug horrorrs patronize the same do? Interviewing For our interview we ar not going to intercommunicate ab come erupt the name of the student being interviewed but we ar or else going to refer to the students as student one up to student sextet respectively. Our interview questions ar going to be based on the research questions mentioned above.This being a phenomenological research whatever is describe in this paper is going to be exactly as it appeargond to the observer during the research (Rocheleau, 1995). educatee one detective as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa ar using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? student one the of drugs use by university students in Ottawa is maturement at a really towering rate and in that locationfore fits to be referred to as drug mal intercession since in to the highest degree case are utilise for purposes new(prenominal) than the intended ones, for instance about students take drugs to get high. researcher what are the mos t unremarkably ill-treated drugs by the university students at bottom Ottawa? scholarly person one the most commonly used drugs are cocaine, marijuana and at quantify diacetylmorphine and some other(a)s. Researcher how would you boisterous the tally of distaff students abusing drugs sexual intercourse to the number of young-begetting(prenominal) students in percentage? Student one it is a fact that the number of priapic students abusing the drugs is high than that of the pistillate students abusing drugs and it can be approximated to ab show up 50% of the distaff tribe and 70% of the manful population. Researcher what workuate do the drug shamers suffer afterwardswards go through the drugs?Student one most students suffer depressive inconveniences and peevishness disorders. Student two Researcher as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student two actually the d rug pulmonary tuberculosis by university students in Ottawa only fits to be described as drug treat. Researcher Why do you think the description best fits holler? Student two the use of drugs has become too much and in any case the drugs used by students are addictive and not meant improve health. Researcher which drugs do the university students in Ottawa used most?Student two the drugs commonly used are cocaine and marijuana but others like heroin and alcohol are also used. Researcher which group is most affect by the addiction habits, is it the staminate students or the fe potent students? Student two the male person students appear to be more moved(p) than the distaff students since they seem to train in large numbers compared to the effeminate students. Researcher what effects do they suffer after consuming the drugs? Student two the effects mostly suffered include mood disorders and depressive disorders. Researcher do both the womanly and the male students suffer t he same effects?Student two other than the already mentioned disorders, female students do suffer a good deal of crack and confrontation from their family members and friends unlike male students who do not set out the same (Pauline, 1997). Student three Researcher as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student three the drugs that are discharged and as they are consumed by university students in spite of appearance Ottawa are definitely exclaim. Researcher which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most?Student three the drugs commonly used are cocaine, marijuana, heroin and alcohol. Researcher how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student three the number of female students using the drugs is usually lower than that of the male students abusing the drugs so according to my contiguity it is 48% for female and 65% for male. Researcher what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student three students who abuse the drugs in most cases seem depressed and out of mood and usually fail to finish normally.Researcher which group do you think is most affected by the drugs? Student three the female students seem to be more affected since they tend to suffer more long term effects than male students. Student intravenous feeding Researcher as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student four the drugs as consumed by the students are more abuse that use. Researcher why do you say so? Student four the rate, the purpose and the relative frequency of drug consumption by university students cannot be termed as usage.Researcher which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student four the drugs commonly consumed are marijuana, cocaine, alcohol, heroin among other s. Researcher how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student four the percentage of male students consuming drugs is usually higher(prenominal)(prenominal) than that of the female students consuming drugs. Researcher what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student four the effects of drugs includes stigma which is mostly suffered by female students, others effects are mood disorders and depression.Student five Researcher as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student five the rate and beat at which drugs are consumed is said to be abused. Researcher which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student five the drugs commonly used include cocaine and alcohol. Researcher how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage?Student five the number of female students consuming the drugs when compared to the male students is 45% to 65 %. Researcher what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student five the effects are hangover, failing to actualize properly, dizziness and depression. Researcher which group do you think is most affected by the drugs? Student five those who abuse the drugs suffer the same effects. Student six Researcher as one of the university students in Ottawa, do you think university students in Ottawa are using drugs or are they abusing the drugs? Student six the students do abuse the drugs.Researcher which drugs do the university students in Ottawa use most? Student six mostly they consume cocaine and at times alcohol, marijuana, heroin and many others. Researcher how would you approximate the number of female students abusing drugs relative to the number of male students in percentage? Student six the percentage for male students abusing drugs is higher than those of female abusing drugs. Researcher what are the effects of drug abuse by the students? Student six drug abuse causes depression, malfunctioning, mood disorders and many others. aspiration of the thinkThe main objective of the mull on drug abuse by university students in Ottawa was to find out if the students do use or abuse the drugs, to establish the motivations laughingstock the consumption of these drugs, to clarify the rate of drug abuse by university students in Ottawa, to identify the drugs mainly abused by university students in Ottawa, to verify the relationship between the female students consumption and male students consumption, to identify how the abuse of these drugs affect the lives of the students, to identify some of the measures that can be taken to prevent drug abuse by the students and to treat the already affected students(Pauline, 1997). Delimitations of the study The main advantage enjoyed during the study was that it was open to find and intervie w antithetic students on the issue of drug abuse among them since the study was conducted during school session when all students were in their respective teaching institutions in that locationfore it confused less cost around tone for students to interview. In addition, bounteous private rooms for interviews were provided where students felt free to share their ideas on the study of discussion. Limitations Even though the students were available, most of them proved so unreliable.This is because most of the students were not ready to be interviewed. Those who were ready for the interview however tended to give inadequate information since most of them did not want to disclose broad(a) information regarding their drug use status as they considered it something private and therefore wanted to preserve it. In addition, most students who were addicted capsules to treat their drug abuse related disorders were not willing to take them, which resulted, to a luck of wastage. Con sequently, it was not easy to get urine samples for test from drug abusers since most of them could not allow it. (El-Guebaly & Hodgins,1992).Research strategies Having a topic of study, the phenomenological research strategy mingled, first developing the topic. In case, it is a drug abuse among university students in Ottawa, What effects does the use illicit drugs such as cocaine, marijuana and many others return on the health of students? needed to be asked before effect with the research. The next step complicated conclusion the background information on drug abuse by university students in Ottawa. This was done by looking for the key words of the topic from encyclopedias with the subject. From the encyclopedia, several articles were read which set the linguistic context for the research.Additional background information was found from textbooks and other reserved materials, which involved research, conducted on the same topic by diametrical researchers in different yrs. It also involved finding out for how long this has been going on and what has been done to prevent it (Ogborne, Braun & Schmidt, 1996). The research further involved finding books and articles to find out what other researchers who conducted their study on the same topic found out. It was from here that a comparison was made to find out if the statistics on the drug abuse by university students in Ottawa has changed.The past studies were of great significance since different ideas on what should be done to prevent the practice were suggested without having to repeat the measures that had been implemented and which did not work. In concluding the research, different sources of information were evaluated and cited in relation to how comprehensive the information got from them were. Role of the researcher The main role of the researcher in this study was to interview different students to be able to verify their opinions and perception of the use of illicit drugs in spite of appearanc e or outside their learning institutions.The researcher was also to find out the major motivations behind the students drug abuse behavior and the effects they suffer after consuming the drugs. In addition, the researcher was to administer some drug abuse disorder related capsules to find out how effective they could be in reducing drug samples in blood. Furthermore, the researcher was to carry out some random tests on some of the drug abusers to find out the drug that is most commonly abused by university students in Ottawa (Weibe, 1994). Strategies for ensuring trustworthinessDuring the study, it was not easy to coax the students to reveal information regarding their drug abuse behaviors. This was because the students were more concerned about preserving their privacy, which they were not willing to sham known to the institution authorities, their parents and even friends. It was therefore upon the researchers to explore different strategies to convince the students that whateve r they were going to discuss was to remain a secret between the student and the interviewer.This was done by ensuring that the involved only two population i. e. the researcher and the student in a private room where no any other party could steal the topic of discussion (Christensen, Jacobson, 1997). lit review The phenomenological research on drug abuse by university students in Ottawa found out that the drugs possibly abused by these students are mainly prescription drugs. Such drugs are usually opiate based for pain in the ass relief, tranquilizers, stimulants and amphetamines. Others also include sedatives and barbiturates.The study however found out that the most seriously abused drugs by the students of Ottawa University are cocaine and marijuana. intimately students who abuse drugs such as the barbiturates were found to do so with the purpose of getting rid of anxiety and sleep disorders. On the other hand, the abusers of tranquillizers consume them with an intention of reducing stress and panic attacks. Studies on drug abuse by students since 1970s has shown that male students consume more drugs than their female counterparts. The frequency of drug usage was also found to be high in males than in females.For example, a study conducted on Ottawa University students on drug abuse sustain that about 74% of male students compared to 53% of female students consumed more than one to two standard drinks in the previous class (Corbett, 1994). Very recent studies on drug abuse among university students however showed that there was a smaller gender difference in levels of drug consumption. A recent survey of Ottawa university students showed that 83. 3% of female students and 84. 9% of male students had abused drugs in the past one year. Most Ottawa university male and female students are assumed to consume drugs moderately.Nevertheless, a crap gender difference is confirmed from self- account by the students of excessive drug consumption. The excessive consumption especially alcohol consumption is defined by four or more drinks by female students on a single former and five or more drinks by male students on a single occasion. The rate for harmful consumption for female students is however higher than that of male students. Almost a half of the total female students (42%) who had engage in drug abuse were reported to have had harmful abuse as compared to 46.3% of all the male students who had abused drug that year reported to have had harmful abuse (Ogborne, Braun & Schmidt 1996). Harmful consumption of drugs as was identified included those who felt in the wrong after consuming the drug, those who could not remember anything after taking the drug, those who suffered drug abuse related injuries and those whom after consumption of the drugs suggested decline in drug abuse among students (El-Guebaly, 1990). Other than those who suffered harmful abuse, there are those who were found to be reliant abusers. Dependent abusers invol ved approximately 28.6% of female students and 30. 5% of male students. It was noted that the dependent abusers could not stop using the drugs, could not perform expected activities after the consumption of drugs or needed some daybreak consumption of the drugs. The table below shows the percentage of university students by sex who were reported past year for harmful and dependent drink. Sex Harmful drinking Dependent drinking Female 42% 28. 6% Male 46. 3% 30. 5% On further survey, 56 percent of all the female abusers were found to be taking at least five drinks on a single occasion in the course of the year.On the other hand, 26. 1% were found to be taking at least cardinal drinks on one occasion during the same period. In addition to the above surveys, a research conducted indicated that 30. 4% of male students were reported to have taken alcohol beyond the low risk guidelines for alcohol consumption as compared to 15. 2% of the female students (Ogborne, Smart& locomote 1998). correspond to the research, in a situation where the harm got from drug abuse is as a result of substance abuse, there occurs very small gender difference quoted by male and female students.For instance a study conducted in 2004 confirmed that 6. 9% of female students and 9. 1% of male students reported that there occurred at least harm in their lives during the past year as a result of their drug consumption and 30. 4% of female and 30. 7% of male students reported harm as a result of another persons consumption(Corbett, 1994) In 1994 a survey recent reports showed an increasing drug abuse for illicit drugs such as cocaine, heroin and others by male and female students.Generally, male students were found to be on the front line when it comes to reporting the use of illicit drugs as compared to their female counterparts. Nevertheless, the most recent reports point to an increasing self-reports by both female and male students in the use of cannabis although a significant gender di fference remains. On alcohol and other drugs abuse, 10% of male students and 5% of female students were reported to be abusers of cannabis while a same study conducted in 2004 indicated an increment to 18% for male students and 10% for female students.In addition, the same study in the 2004 indicated that 7. 35% of female students and 14. 1% of male students were abusers of cocaine. The study conducted in Ottawa University provided enough evidence that the difference in gender in relation to illicit substance use is getting smaller. scandalize on this situation has attracted international attention especially from Australia, united sates and other European Union countries. In the year 2004, 15. 8% of female students and 18. 1% male students reported harms from their own cannabis consumption.Research has shown that approximately 25% to about 33% of all students using injection drugs in Ottawa University are female students. This has been identified as a major federal agent for HIV infection in female students. It has been noted that of the entire confirmatory tests of HIV in women from the year 1985 to 2002, between 33% and 48% have been as a result of injection drug use. Reports from the study revealed that there is consumption of the ketom plant leaves by university students in Ottawa as a drug because the leaves of ketom plants contain hallucinogens, which are as intoxicating as marijuana.The increase abuse of drugs in university colleges is blamed on the difficulties in enforcing laws in such institutions, which speeds up the spread of such drugs. (Corbett, 1994). A further research showed that many drug users do suffer mood disorders. For instance among those abusing cocaine, the most commonly detected disorders are depressive disorders. The analysis revealed that the association between mood disorders and drug abuse among the abusers is usually very complicated. Most drug abusers do phase up depression that comes as a result of physical and mental en durance connected with the use of drugs.The study showed that most students who suffered mood disorders after abusing cocaine became drug dependent after making attempts of self-medication. Initially it was not easy to handle the conditions of students who were suffering from both mood disorders and drug abuse but it became possible after a research revealed that a treatment on mood disorders alone could have a positive effect on drug abuse (Boyd, Millard & Webster 1985). A research that was conducted on students involved urine test whereby unsystematic weekly examinations indicated a significant high use of cocaine as compared to marijuana by different students.Most of the students who tested positive for drug abuse however, were found to have come from families with a history of substance abuse, which in most situations reached, back to several generations. All students from such families had started abusing the drugs long before enrolling in the institution. All students who part icipated in the study and who happened to be drug abusers were given packets of capsules which they were to take two times each day during the four week study. For most of the students, the capsules included lithium prescription that had shown its effectiveness in treating adult bipolar patients.Bipolar disorder in most students was found to have been caused by substance abuse disorder including the use of marijuana, alcohol, cocaine and other multiple drugs. During the study, a number of students were also treated as outpatients and given weekly therapy sessions in addition. In the course of the study, blood vessels of lithium were tested at least doubly every week to ensure that the participants were taking the capsules given to them. Samples of urine were also taken on a similar basis to scrutinize the use of drug (Christensen & . Jacobson, 1997).The percentage of the students taking the lithium capsules, the drug positive samples changed from 38% to approximately 8% indicating a significant diminution. Four random tests were conducted during the study and the urine samples that were tested revealed the students self reports. They were definitely a noteworthy reduction in the use of drug. In addition to reduction in drug use, the students receiving lithium capsules progressed in the symptoms of bipolar disorder. The improvement was mainly noted in their ability to function properly in school activities as compared to how they could function before the study.Chronically drug dependent students who were suffering from primary and subaltern depression were recognized in the course of the study and treated. Most students who go through a drop in depressive symptoms and those who noted improvements confessed that they had noted a reduction in their crave and use of drugs mainly cocaine and marijuana. The research that was conducted indicated that there has been almost forty years of trying to prevent drug abuse among university students in Ottawa. This has been done by conducting youth counseling especially to those who have developed drug addiction.In addition to youth counseling a treatment centre for youth who are suffering from drug abuse related disorders have been opened to help treat the youth. In an valuation of the best measures to put forward in trying to find treatment to substance abuse in Canada, a study showed that female students do suffer a lot of stigma in connection with their substance abuse problem as compared to the male students. In addition, the research has set up that the female students do suffer much confrontation from their families and friends and most blackball consequences in treatment center (El-Guebaly, 1990).The female students do suffer the cast out consequences in treatment centers as a result of problems from family members, neglect by friends, lack of finances to cater for the treatment bill and other unfavorable effects related to the well-being of females. It has been demonstrated in differ ent researches that advertise of drugs has a very strong influence on the way university students in Ottawa perceive some of these drugs and can therefore be a source of motivators to these students to engage in their consumption.Furthermore, female students as compared to male students experience sexual abuse and physical abuse, which in most cases have a strong relationship with substance abuse. Research has demonstrated that female students who had at one time in their lives suffered sexual assault in most cases do use or misuse drugs at early ages and in most cases, they use them in large quantities (El-Guebaly & Hodgins, 1992).For According to the research conducted, the effect of abusing drugs and especially the illicit drugs such as cocaine and marijuana have been found to diverge among female students and also between female and male students depending on the drugs that are on hand for use. The effects of the drugs however do depend on the type of drug consumed, how regular the abuser use the drug, the amount of drug consumed and the general health condition of the person consuming the drug (Smart, 1983).Example a review on the effect between male and female students established that female students are affected very much differently from male students with exaltation. The analysis of the study showed that female students with rapture unlike male students do experience more severe comminuted changes and difficulties in making decision. In addition, the female students suffer more long lasting effects such as mood swings, depression, paranoia and anxiety than their male counterparts who engage in the consumption of similar drugs.Consequently, the oddment rate from substance abuse among university students in Ottawa seems to be high for female students as compared to that of the male students. Findings From the study on the causes of drug abuse by university students in Ottawa its has been found that there is inadequate education and legal community measures that look into the needs of different individuals and especially university students over their life span. It has been pointed out that there is an immense distinction between what is said and what is done as faraway as prevention of drug abuse among university students in Ottawa is concerned.According to the planners, prevention measures should be long term and lasting, however most prevention measures put across are always short term receivable to poor funding. In addition to this, there is lack of treatment centers for flock suffering from drug related disorders thus causing long time lag lists for university students (El-Guebaly, 1990). The study has also revealed that advertisements of different drugs and lack of implementation of policies regarding drug abuse in the universities in Ottawa are some of the major motivators behind the students drug abusing behavior.The drugs found to be more accessible as a result and therefore most commonly abused by the students w ere the cocaine and marijuana. The findings from the research have also indicated that the female students are the major sufferers from drug abuse and addiction even though the male students seem to consume drugs at higher rate and more frequently than the female students. The death rate from drug abuse of female students has also been found to high as compared to that of male students. ConclusionDespite the fact that drug abuse among university students in Ottawa is still high, research has proved that most of the students involved in the practice are willing to drop the idea and campaign their health status when appropriate measures are put in place. It is therefore upon the authorities concerned to take necessary actions to ensure that students are provided with enough information and resources to help them overcome the drug addiction (Ogborne, Smart $ Rush 1998). Significance of the studyThe study conducted on Ottawa university students has proved to be of great significance si nce several suggestions on how this problem can be solved have been suggested. The study was also of significance since different students were given an opportunity to express their feelings as far as drug abuse among university students is concerned and from that, it was realized that most students are willing and are ready to abandon the practice. In addition, most students were able to receive different tests on their blood and urine samples to verify the extent of drug level in their blood.Finally, most students were given capsules, which proved to be very effective in treating, and reducing drug abuse related disorders in their blood. Lessons learned From the studies and researches conducted it was clear that until recently very little attention was paid to female abusing drugs as compared to the attention given to male abusers both deep down the society and within the learning institutions. This is because females substance abuse has never been as high as that of male up to t he recent past.Nevertheless, we are before long seeing some matching in the levels of drug consumption among female and males. The studies have also revealed that in making efforts to promote drug abuse prevention measures and health of the drug addicts in learning institutions, professionals, addiction system planners and public policy makers have not given any attention to motivations for use of drugs by students and the speeding up consequences of use of drugs by female students in colleges (Boyd & Webster 1985).Future direction From the lessons learnt from the study it was recommended that instead of exploring a system, that involves drug abuse prevention, programs for health promotion that includes males and females, the planners and the programmers should attend to differing needs of different students in relation to their gender, and other problems related to drug abuse.The high rates of labored drug abuse by female students raised a lot of concern and recommendations such as low risk drinking guidelines for female students were made which required every female student involved in drug abuse to take at most three drinks in a single occasion or less than three in other circumstances depending on the type of drug being used. A further recommendation suggested that male students should limit their drinking to a uttermost of fourteen drinks per week and the female students should limit their drinking to a maximum of nine drinks per week.(Abrams, et. al 1993). References Abrams & D. B. et. al. (1993). Integrating Individual and Public Health Perspectives for discussion Of Tobacco Dependence under Managed Health Care A have Stepped Care and Matching Model. Tobacco Control 2 (supplementary) Boyd, N. , Millard, C. J. & Webster, C. D. (1985). Heroin word in British Columbia. 1976-1984. Thesis, Antithesis and Synthesis? Canadian Journal of Criminology 27(2), Christensen, A. , Jacobson, N. S. (1997).HIV, AIDS and snap Drug Use A National Action Plan. Ottaw a. 5(1, Jan) Corbett, G. (1994). Addiction grooming and Training Bringing the Field Together. Report of the Ontario Addictions Coordinating Groups Education and Training Working Group. Ontario Ministry of Health, Toronto. El-Guebaly, N. (1990). Substance iniquity and Mental Disorders The three-fold Diagnoses Concept. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry El-Guebaly, N. , Hodgins & DC (1992). Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse Prevalence Issues. Can